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A life in India · 13 evidence records

College and qualifications

How many study, graduate or hold a postgraduate qualification?

Explore the ten life stages
How to read these figures
  • AISHE enrolment is a student stock in2023–24; pass-outs are a flow during that academic year. Neither is the stock of all living graduates.
  • The MBA programme table and pass-out tables use actual institution responses; total estimated enrolment includes estimation. No MBA share of all estimated enrolment is derived.
  • PLFS graduate and postgraduate categories are highest completed qualifications among people aged15+. They exclude each other. GER compares enrolment at all ages with the18–23population; it is not a probability of eventual graduation.

1 Cr = 1,00,00,000 · 1 lakh = 1,00,000. Percentages, years, daily flows and rupees keep their own units. Showing full digits does not increase the source’s precision.

2023–24

Higher education students enrolled

4.5 Cr

students

Full figure: 4,50,01,123 students

Institutional higher education enrolment including AISHE estimation; all reported study levels

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Male2.26 Cr
Female2.24 Cr

What this measures: Institutional higher education enrolment including AISHE estimation; all reported study levels

Enrolment is a stock of students, not the number of people who hold a qualification. Counts retain exact table integers; format in crore/lakh for display.

Official source ↗ · Table6, Grand Total; PDFp94 / printedT-6

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

2023–24

Undergraduate students enrolled

3.46 Cr

students

Full figure: 3,45,82,268 students

76.85% of AISHE estimated total enrolment, same report · derived

Institutional higher education enrolment including AISHE estimation; all reported study levels

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Male1.75 Cr
Female1.71 Cr

What this measures: Institutional higher education enrolment including AISHE estimation; all reported study levels

Enrolment is a stock of students, not the number of people who hold a qualification. Counts retain exact table integers; format in crore/lakh for display.

Calculation: 34582268 / 45001123 ×100

Official source ↗ · Table6, Undergraduate; PDFp93 / printedT-6

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

2023–24

Postgraduate students enrolled

57.86 lakh

students

Full figure: 57,85,852 students

12.86% of AISHE estimated total enrolment, same report · derived

Institutional higher education enrolment including AISHE estimation; all reported study levels

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Male25.33 lakh
Female32.53 lakh

What this measures: Institutional higher education enrolment including AISHE estimation; all reported study levels

Enrolment is a stock of students, not the number of people who hold a qualification. Counts retain exact table integers; format in crore/lakh for display.

Calculation: 5785852 / 45001123 ×100

Official source ↗ · Table6, PostGraduate; PDFp92 / printedT-6

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

2023–24

PhD students enrolled

3.44 lakh

students

Full figure: 3,43,559 students

0.76% of AISHE estimated total enrolment, same report · derived

Institutional higher education enrolment including AISHE estimation; all reported study levels

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Male1.72 lakh
Female1.71 lakh

What this measures: Institutional higher education enrolment including AISHE estimation; all reported study levels

Enrolment is a stock of students, not the number of people who hold a qualification. Counts retain exact table integers; format in crore/lakh for display.

Calculation: 343559 / 45001123 ×100

Official source ↗ · Table6, PhD; PDFp92 / printedT-6

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

2023–24

Higher education gross enrolment ratio

30%

Higher education enrolment, regardless of student age, divided by projected population aged 18–23

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Female31.2%

What this measures: Higher education enrolment, regardless of student age, divided by projected population aged 18–23

GER is an enrolment ratio using projected 18–23 population, not a graduation/completion rate.

Official source ↗ · Key results and GER section; PIB release2282525 GER paragraph

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

2023–24

MBA students enrolled

9.62 lakh

students

Full figure: 9,62,110 students

MBA programme enrolment based on actual AISHE institution responses, all modes

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Male5.43 lakh
Female4.19 lakh

What this measures: MBA programme enrolment based on actual AISHE institution responses, all modes

Excludes separately listed integrated MBA and MBA specialisations; enrolled students are not MBA holders.

Official source ↗ · Table10 programme157; PDFp122 / printedT-10

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

2023–24

Higher education annual pass-outs, all levels

1.1 Cr

annual pass-outs

Full figure: 1,09,53,146 annual pass-outs

Annual out-turn/pass-outs based on actual responding AISHE institutions, not cumulative living qualification holders

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Male52.47 lakh
Female57.06 lakh

What this measures: Annual out-turn/pass-outs based on actual responding AISHE institutions, not cumulative living qualification holders

Annual programme completions are not the stock of all living graduates. Do not divide by total population as attainment; levels can include the same person in different years.

Official source ↗ · Table33 GrandTotal; PDFp190 / printedT-33

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

2023–24

Undergraduate annual pass-outs

77.76 lakh

annual pass-outs

Full figure: 77,75,555 annual pass-outs

Annual out-turn/pass-outs based on actual responding AISHE institutions, not cumulative living qualification holders

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Male37.65 lakh
Female40.1 lakh

What this measures: Annual out-turn/pass-outs based on actual responding AISHE institutions, not cumulative living qualification holders

Annual programme completions are not the stock of all living graduates. Do not divide by total population as attainment; levels can include the same person in different years.

Official source ↗ · Table33 Undergraduate; PDFp189 / printedT-33

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

2023–24

Postgraduate annual pass-outs

19.16 lakh

annual pass-outs

Full figure: 19,15,755 annual pass-outs

Annual out-turn/pass-outs based on actual responding AISHE institutions, not cumulative living qualification holders

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Male8.04 lakh
Female11.12 lakh

What this measures: Annual out-turn/pass-outs based on actual responding AISHE institutions, not cumulative living qualification holders

Annual programme completions are not the stock of all living graduates. Do not divide by total population as attainment; levels can include the same person in different years.

Official source ↗ · Table33 PostGraduate; PDFp188 / printedT-33

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

2023–24

PhD annual pass-outs

37,601

annual pass-outs

Full figure: 37,601 annual pass-outs

Annual out-turn/pass-outs based on actual responding AISHE institutions, not cumulative living qualification holders

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Male19,860
Female17,741

What this measures: Annual out-turn/pass-outs based on actual responding AISHE institutions, not cumulative living qualification holders

Annual programme completions are not the stock of all living graduates. Do not divide by total population as attainment; levels can include the same person in different years.

Official source ↗ · Table33 PhD; PDFp188 / printedT-33

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

2023–24

MBA annual pass-outs

2.78 lakh

annual pass-outs

Full figure: 2,78,024 annual pass-outs

MBA annual out-turn based on actual institution responses

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Male1.54 lakh
Female1.24 lakh

What this measures: MBA annual out-turn based on actual institution responses

Annual programme completions are not the stock of all living graduates. Do not divide by total population as attainment; levels can include the same person in different years. Excludes separately listed integrated MBA and specialisations.

Official source ↗ · Table34 programme154; PDFp194 / printedT-34

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

January–December 2025

Highest completed education: graduate

10.8%

Persons aged 15 years and above represented by PLFS 2025

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Rural7.3%
Urban18.1%
Male12.4%
Female9.3%

What this measures: Persons aged 15 years and above represented by PLFS 2025

Highest level successfully completed; categories are mutually exclusive. Graduate excludes postgraduate-and-above. Sample estimates, not present-year administrative counts. No crore counts calculated from unrelated population totals.

Official source ↗ · AppendixA Table8; printedA-11–A-19 / PDFpp88–96

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

January–December 2025

Highest completed education: postgraduate and above

3.3%

Persons aged 15 years and above represented by PLFS 2025

Breakdowns, source and meaning
Within the same source and measure
GroupValue
Rural1.7%
Urban6.5%
Male3.4%
Female3.1%

What this measures: Persons aged 15 years and above represented by PLFS 2025

Highest level successfully completed; categories are mutually exclusive. Graduate excludes postgraduate-and-above. Sample estimates, not present-year administrative counts. No crore counts calculated from unrelated population totals.

Official source ↗ · AppendixA Table8; printedA-11–A-19 / PDFpp88–96

Evidence reviewed 2026-10-16.

Questions still needing better evidence

How many living people hold an MBA?

Not established in this edition

MBA students and annual MBA pass-outs are shown. Adding annual cohorts would double-count, miss deaths and migration, and omit institutions.

Evidence needed: A representative stock estimate of completed MBA qualifications, with an explicit adult denominator.

How to use this number

Are enrolled students the number of graduates?

No. AISHE enrolment counts students enrolled across higher-education levels in its reference year. A count of people who hold a degree requires an attainment measure; annual pass-outs are a separate flow.

Read the matching evidence and context →

Explanation added 3 November 2026. Statistical reference periods and source-check dates remain those on the underlying records.

Explore detailed Census 2011 tables