India’s everyday indicators.
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Household possession does not establish that each member personally owns or can independently use a smartphone. Rural and urban figures are calculated by adding mutually exclusive categories printed to one decimal; rounding is retained.

Includes smartphones and other mobile phones. Ownership requires a device with an active SIM for personal use and does not require registration in the individual’s name. A shared phone is assigned using the majority-use rule.

Any mobile phone, not smartphones alone. Household access and personal ownership use different units and must not be subtracted as if they measured the same people.

Includes access using a mobile network; this is not fixed broadband penetration or the proportion of individuals who used the internet.

This narrower connection measure is not the same as all internet access, fixed/Wi-Fi use or service availability near a home.

At least one use from any location, on any device and for any purpose; not daily use, paid subscription or independent access.

An age-specific rate. It must not be relabelled as the share of all Indians using the internet. We use 93.6% from the report’s age-specific tables. The accompanying PIB summary gives 94.3% for ages 15–29; the detailed report gives 94.3% for ages 15–24. The figures shown here follow Statement 3 and Appendix A Table 3.

Includes machine-to-machine cellular connections and fixed wireless access. Multiple connections may belong to one person or organisation. These are not 1,312.25 million unique people.

Still a connection count, not unique people or households. Includes wireless and wireline broadband; one user can hold more than one connection.

An administrative subscription-to-population ratio, not the percentage of people who own phones. Do not cap values at 100 or combine service-area geographies with state data without checking definitions.

Current Weekly Status uses the preceding seven days. Participation is not the proportion in salaried employment. Monthly and annual usual-status figures must remain separate.

Measures employment relative to the age-eligible population. It does not indicate hours, earnings, job security or whether the work is salaried.

The denominator is the labour force, not all adults or all residents. People outside the labour force are not all unemployed. Retain one decimal when displaying 5.0.

Use with the corresponding female worker-population ratio and employment composition. A participation rate alone does not establish paid employment, income or work quality.

Survey estimate of establishments, not all companies, all MSMEs, all businesses or households. Includes own-account and hired-worker establishments. Independently rounded component totals can differ slightly.

Includes working owners, hired workers, unpaid family workers and other workers. It is not an estimate of all employment in India or a count of salaried jobs. The rural and urban components sum 100 above the separately rounded national estimate.

Business use during the preceding 365 days. This is not household internet access, online selling, digital payment acceptance or every enterprise in India.

Mean annual compensation at current prices, including relevant cash/in-kind allowances and employer benefits. It is neither median take-home pay nor the earnings of working owners or all workers.

Current-price value added per worker is a productivity measure. It is not salary, take-home pay, sales revenue or real growth after inflation.

Provisional stock at 31 March 2022. Not current 2026 registrations, unique owners, active vehicles or drivers. Source values have been converted from thousands to vehicles.

Provisional registration stock, not the number or percentage of households owning a two-wheeler and not the number of riders.

Includes taxis and jeeps. It must not be presented as private household cars, car-owning households or people licensed to drive.

Includes machine-to-machine connections. Rural/urban densities are subscription ratios using the report’s geography and projected populations, not individual ownership percentages. Values above 100 are possible.

Employed women as a share of the corresponding female population. Includes the types of work recognised by PLFS; does not measure paid salaried employment alone.

The denominator is women in the labour force, not all women aged 15+. It cannot be subtracted from 100 to obtain the share of all women employed.

Conditional on already owning a mobile phone: the denominator is mobile-phone owners aged 15+, not all people aged 15+ or all residents. Calculated by adding the source’s mutually exclusive smartphone-only and both-phone-types categories: India 79.9 + 2.0 = 81.9; rural 76.0 + 1.9 = 77.9; urban 85.9 + 2.1 = 88.0. Inputs are rounded survey estimates. The three India categories sum to 100.1 because of rounding. No number of smartphone owners or whole-population rate has been inferred.

Historical enumerated population, not 2026 religious composition. Retains all 35 Census 2011 geographies, including undivided Andhra Pradesh, the former Jammu and Kashmir state, and separate Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Other religions and persuasions and Religion not stated are retained separately. Religion not stated is not synonymous with atheist, no religion, or other religions. Shares are calculated from the table’s exact counts. Rounded shares may not sum to precisely 100%. Aggregate place composition must not be used to assign religion to a person or household.

Historical enumerated population, not 2026 religious composition. Retains all 35 Census 2011 geographies, including undivided Andhra Pradesh, the former Jammu and Kashmir state, and separate Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Other religions and persuasions and Religion not stated are retained separately. Religion not stated is not synonymous with atheist, no religion, or other religions. Shares are calculated from the table’s exact counts. Rounded shares may not sum to precisely 100%. Aggregate place composition must not be used to assign religion to a person or household.

C-16 classifies mother-tongue returns; it does not measure everyone who can speak a language, bilingual ability, preferred advertising language, reading proficiency or ethnicity. The Hindi language-group total includes multiple mother tongues grouped under Hindi. It is different from the narrower Hindi mother-tongue entry. Only the 22 scheduled language groups are in this ranking. The full publication contains 121 language groups and also explains grouped, unclassified and small returns. Sanskrit’s percentage is marked N in the source, not zero.

C-16 classifies mother-tongue returns; it does not measure everyone who can speak a language, bilingual ability, preferred advertising language, reading proficiency or ethnicity. The Hindi language-group total includes multiple mother tongues grouped under Hindi. It is different from the narrower Hindi mother-tongue entry. Only the 22 scheduled language groups are in this ranking. The full publication contains 121 language groups and also explains grouped, unclassified and small returns. Sanskrit’s percentage is marked N in the source, not zero.

C-16 classifies mother-tongue returns; it does not measure everyone who can speak a language, bilingual ability, preferred advertising language, reading proficiency or ethnicity. The Hindi language-group total includes multiple mother tongues grouped under Hindi. It is different from the narrower Hindi mother-tongue entry. Only the 22 scheduled language groups are in this ranking. The full publication contains 121 language groups and also explains grouped, unclassified and small returns. Sanskrit’s percentage is marked N in the source, not zero. This is not an exhaustive count of every language or dialect spoken in India.

Percentages describe reported habitual frequency, not quantities, nutrient adequacy, lifetime abstention or a measured dietary intake on a particular day. Women and men in this table are both aged 15–49; this is not an all-age population estimate. The male report sample in this table is narrower than the full male interview sample. Eggs, fish, chicken/meat and the combined fish/chicken/meat row are separately defined. The combined row is published by NFHS; it must not be reconstructed by adding overlapping separate percentages. Never eating fish/chicken/meat does not identify a strict vegetarian or vegan population. Separate egg and meat percentages do not reveal their joint overlap. Do not average male and female percentages to invent a national vegetarian share.

Percentages describe reported habitual frequency, not quantities, nutrient adequacy, lifetime abstention or a measured dietary intake on a particular day. Women and men in this table are both aged 15–49; this is not an all-age population estimate. The male report sample in this table is narrower than the full male interview sample. Eggs, fish, chicken/meat and the combined fish/chicken/meat row are separately defined. The combined row is published by NFHS; it must not be reconstructed by adding overlapping separate percentages. Never eating fish/chicken/meat does not identify a strict vegetarian or vegan population. Separate egg and meat percentages do not reveal their joint overlap. Do not average male and female percentages to invent a national vegetarian share.

Percentages describe reported habitual frequency, not quantities, nutrient adequacy, lifetime abstention or a measured dietary intake on a particular day. Women and men in this table are both aged 15–49; this is not an all-age population estimate. The male report sample in this table is narrower than the full male interview sample. Eggs, fish, chicken/meat and the combined fish/chicken/meat row are separately defined. The combined row is published by NFHS; it must not be reconstructed by adding overlapping separate percentages. Never eating fish/chicken/meat does not identify a strict vegetarian or vegan population. Separate egg and meat percentages do not reveal their joint overlap. Do not average male and female percentages to invent a national vegetarian share.

Percentages describe reported habitual frequency, not quantities, nutrient adequacy, lifetime abstention or a measured dietary intake on a particular day. Women and men in this table are both aged 15–49; this is not an all-age population estimate. The male report sample in this table is narrower than the full male interview sample. Eggs, fish, chicken/meat and the combined fish/chicken/meat row are separately defined. The combined row is published by NFHS; it must not be reconstructed by adding overlapping separate percentages. Never eating fish/chicken/meat does not identify a strict vegetarian or vegan population. Separate egg and meat percentages do not reveal their joint overlap. Do not average male and female percentages to invent a national vegetarian share.

Current-price monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE), not income, salary, cash purchases alone or a median. Reference period August 2023–July 2024. Uses the report’s series excluding additional imputation for specified free social-welfare items. Ordinary valuation of home-produced and otherwise received consumption is still included. Every item mean uses all estimated persons in the rural or urban population, not only its buyers, consumers or tenants. Urban rent of ₹460 is not the average monthly rent paid by a renting household. Clothing, bedding and footwear are combined in Table 3.5. The processed-food group includes purchased cooked meals and snacks; it is not synonymous with ultra-processed food. Rounded rupee categories may not sum exactly to the printed rounded total; published values and shares are retained rather than recomputed from rounded rupees.

Current-price monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE), not income, salary, cash purchases alone or a median. Reference period August 2023–July 2024. Uses the report’s series excluding additional imputation for specified free social-welfare items. Ordinary valuation of home-produced and otherwise received consumption is still included. Every item mean uses all estimated persons in the rural or urban population, not only its buyers, consumers or tenants. Urban rent of ₹460 is not the average monthly rent paid by a renting household. Clothing, bedding and footwear are combined in Table 3.5. The processed-food group includes purchased cooked meals and snacks; it is not synonymous with ultra-processed food. Rounded rupee categories may not sum exactly to the printed rounded total; published values and shares are retained rather than recomputed from rounded rupees.

Current-price monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE), not income, salary, cash purchases alone or a median. Reference period August 2023–July 2024. Uses the report’s series excluding additional imputation for specified free social-welfare items. Ordinary valuation of home-produced and otherwise received consumption is still included. Every item mean uses all estimated persons in the rural or urban population, not only its buyers, consumers or tenants. Urban rent of ₹460 is not the average monthly rent paid by a renting household. Clothing, bedding and footwear are combined in Table 3.5. The processed-food group includes purchased cooked meals and snacks; it is not synonymous with ultra-processed food. Rounded rupee categories may not sum exactly to the printed rounded total; published values and shares are retained rather than recomputed from rounded rupees.

Current-price monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE), not income, salary, cash purchases alone or a median. Reference period August 2023–July 2024. Uses the report’s series excluding additional imputation for specified free social-welfare items. Ordinary valuation of home-produced and otherwise received consumption is still included. Every item mean uses all estimated persons in the rural or urban population, not only its buyers, consumers or tenants. Urban rent of ₹460 is not the average monthly rent paid by a renting household. Clothing, bedding and footwear are combined in Table 3.5. The processed-food group includes purchased cooked meals and snacks; it is not synonymous with ultra-processed food. Rounded rupee categories may not sum exactly to the printed rounded total; published values and shares are retained rather than recomputed from rounded rupees.

Current-price monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE), not income, salary, cash purchases alone or a median. Reference period August 2023–July 2024. Uses the report’s series excluding additional imputation for specified free social-welfare items. Ordinary valuation of home-produced and otherwise received consumption is still included. Every item mean uses all estimated persons in the rural or urban population, not only its buyers, consumers or tenants. Urban rent of ₹460 is not the average monthly rent paid by a renting household. Clothing, bedding and footwear are combined in Table 3.5. The processed-food group includes purchased cooked meals and snacks; it is not synonymous with ultra-processed food. Rounded rupee categories may not sum exactly to the printed rounded total; published values and shares are retained rather than recomputed from rounded rupees.

Current-price monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE), not income, salary, cash purchases alone or a median. Reference period August 2023–July 2024. Uses the report’s series excluding additional imputation for specified free social-welfare items. Ordinary valuation of home-produced and otherwise received consumption is still included. Every item mean uses all estimated persons in the rural or urban population, not only its buyers, consumers or tenants. Urban rent of ₹460 is not the average monthly rent paid by a renting household. Clothing, bedding and footwear are combined in Table 3.5. The processed-food group includes purchased cooked meals and snacks; it is not synonymous with ultra-processed food. Rounded rupee categories may not sum exactly to the printed rounded total; published values and shares are retained rather than recomputed from rounded rupees.

Historical NFHS-5 survey estimates for 2019–21; do not label these as current 2026 asset access or substitute them into NFHS-6. Values in this series describe households. The separate deJurePopulationPercent field is the percentage of usual-resident people in such households and can differ. Pucca is the survey’s materials-based classification, not a certificate of legal tenure, structural safety, floor area or housing affordability. Clean cooking fuel includes electricity, LPG/natural gas and biogas. The reported fuel measure does not establish exclusive use, refill affordability or the absence of other fuels. Basic sanitation means use of an improved facility not shared with another household; it is not a measure of sewage treatment or safely managed sanitation. Possession of an asset does not count devices, establish device quality or usage, or prove a person can use it. Ownership of a house is the survey response, not a title-registry audit.

Historical NFHS-5 survey estimates for 2019–21; do not label these as current 2026 asset access or substitute them into NFHS-6. Values in this series describe households. The separate deJurePopulationPercent field is the percentage of usual-resident people in such households and can differ. Pucca is the survey’s materials-based classification, not a certificate of legal tenure, structural safety, floor area or housing affordability. Clean cooking fuel includes electricity, LPG/natural gas and biogas. The reported fuel measure does not establish exclusive use, refill affordability or the absence of other fuels. Basic sanitation means use of an improved facility not shared with another household; it is not a measure of sewage treatment or safely managed sanitation. Possession of an asset does not count devices, establish device quality or usage, or prove a person can use it. Ownership of a house is the survey response, not a title-registry audit.

Historical NFHS-5 survey estimates for 2019–21; do not label these as current 2026 asset access or substitute them into NFHS-6. Values in this series describe households. The separate deJurePopulationPercent field is the percentage of usual-resident people in such households and can differ. Pucca is the survey’s materials-based classification, not a certificate of legal tenure, structural safety, floor area or housing affordability. Clean cooking fuel includes electricity, LPG/natural gas and biogas. The reported fuel measure does not establish exclusive use, refill affordability or the absence of other fuels. Basic sanitation means use of an improved facility not shared with another household; it is not a measure of sewage treatment or safely managed sanitation. Possession of an asset does not count devices, establish device quality or usage, or prove a person can use it. Ownership of a house is the survey response, not a title-registry audit.

Historical NFHS-5 survey estimates for 2019–21; do not label these as current 2026 asset access or substitute them into NFHS-6. Values in this series describe households. The separate deJurePopulationPercent field is the percentage of usual-resident people in such households and can differ. Pucca is the survey’s materials-based classification, not a certificate of legal tenure, structural safety, floor area or housing affordability. Clean cooking fuel includes electricity, LPG/natural gas and biogas. The reported fuel measure does not establish exclusive use, refill affordability or the absence of other fuels. Basic sanitation means use of an improved facility not shared with another household; it is not a measure of sewage treatment or safely managed sanitation. Possession of an asset does not count devices, establish device quality or usage, or prove a person can use it. Ownership of a house is the survey response, not a title-registry audit.

Historical NFHS-5 survey estimates for 2019–21; do not label these as current 2026 asset access or substitute them into NFHS-6. Values in this series describe households. The separate deJurePopulationPercent field is the percentage of usual-resident people in such households and can differ. Pucca is the survey’s materials-based classification, not a certificate of legal tenure, structural safety, floor area or housing affordability. Clean cooking fuel includes electricity, LPG/natural gas and biogas. The reported fuel measure does not establish exclusive use, refill affordability or the absence of other fuels. Basic sanitation means use of an improved facility not shared with another household; it is not a measure of sewage treatment or safely managed sanitation. Possession of an asset does not count devices, establish device quality or usage, or prove a person can use it. Ownership of a house is the survey response, not a title-registry audit.

Provisional NFHS-6 estimates for the 2023–24 round; fieldwork May 2023–December 2024; Manipur excluded. Not 2026 administrative counts. Household-based and person-based indicators have different denominators. Each indicator retains its published universe. Improved drinking-water source is a source-type classification, including specified piped, protected and packaged sources. It does not by itself establish water quality testing, uninterrupted supply or safely managed service. Electricity presence is different from reliability, hours of supply and affordability. An account held by any household member is different from individual access or usage. NFHS-5 totals are shown only as printed by NFHS-6. Round comparisons need attention to changed coverage and definitions; do not mix a household share with a person share.

Provisional NFHS-6 estimates for the 2023–24 round; fieldwork May 2023–December 2024; Manipur excluded. Not 2026 administrative counts. Household-based and person-based indicators have different denominators. Each indicator retains its published universe. Improved drinking-water source is a source-type classification, including specified piped, protected and packaged sources. It does not by itself establish water quality testing, uninterrupted supply or safely managed service. Electricity presence is different from reliability, hours of supply and affordability. An account held by any household member is different from individual access or usage. NFHS-5 totals are shown only as printed by NFHS-6. Round comparisons need attention to changed coverage and definitions; do not mix a household share with a person share.

Provisional NFHS-6 estimates for the 2023–24 round; fieldwork May 2023–December 2024; Manipur excluded. Not 2026 administrative counts. Household-based and person-based indicators have different denominators. Each indicator retains its published universe. Improved drinking-water source is a source-type classification, including specified piped, protected and packaged sources. It does not by itself establish water quality testing, uninterrupted supply or safely managed service. Electricity presence is different from reliability, hours of supply and affordability. An account held by any household member is different from individual access or usage. NFHS-5 totals are shown only as printed by NFHS-6. Round comparisons need attention to changed coverage and definitions; do not mix a household share with a person share.

Provisional NFHS-6 estimates for the 2023–24 round; fieldwork May 2023–December 2024; Manipur excluded. Not 2026 administrative counts. Household-based and person-based indicators have different denominators. Each indicator retains its published universe. Improved drinking-water source is a source-type classification, including specified piped, protected and packaged sources. It does not by itself establish water quality testing, uninterrupted supply or safely managed service. Electricity presence is different from reliability, hours of supply and affordability. An account held by any household member is different from individual access or usage. NFHS-5 totals are shown only as printed by NFHS-6. Round comparisons need attention to changed coverage and definitions; do not mix a household share with a person share.

Provisional NFHS-6 estimates for the 2023–24 round; fieldwork May 2023–December 2024; Manipur excluded. Not 2026 administrative counts. Household-based and person-based indicators have different denominators. Each indicator retains its published universe. Improved drinking-water source is a source-type classification, including specified piped, protected and packaged sources. It does not by itself establish water quality testing, uninterrupted supply or safely managed service. Electricity presence is different from reliability, hours of supply and affordability. An account held by any household member is different from individual access or usage. NFHS-5 totals are shown only as printed by NFHS-6. Round comparisons need attention to changed coverage and definitions; do not mix a household share with a person share.

Historical NFHS-5 estimates for 2019–21. Household possession does not count cars, drivers, licence holders or people who travel by car. The separate 8.0% usual-resident population measure has a different denominator; this figure is 7.5% of households.

Administrative school records. NEP stages must be retained: foundational, preparatory (classes III–V), middle (VI–VIII), secondary (IX–XII). School facility availability is not household coverage or a learning outcome. A national pupil-teacher ratio does not describe each classroom.

Administrative school records. NEP stages must be retained: foundational, preparatory (classes III–V), middle (VI–VIII), secondary (IX–XII). School facility availability is not household coverage or a learning outcome. A national pupil-teacher ratio does not describe each classroom.

Administrative school records. NEP stages must be retained: foundational, preparatory (classes III–V), middle (VI–VIII), secondary (IX–XII). School facility availability is not household coverage or a learning outcome. A national pupil-teacher ratio does not describe each classroom.

Administrative school records. NEP stages must be retained: foundational, preparatory (classes III–V), middle (VI–VIII), secondary (IX–XII). School facility availability is not household coverage or a learning outcome. A national pupil-teacher ratio does not describe each classroom.

Administrative school records. NEP stages must be retained: foundational, preparatory (classes III–V), middle (VI–VIII), secondary (IX–XII). School facility availability is not household coverage or a learning outcome. A national pupil-teacher ratio does not describe each classroom.

Administrative school records. NEP stages must be retained: foundational, preparatory (classes III–V), middle (VI–VIII), secondary (IX–XII). School facility availability is not household coverage or a learning outcome. A national pupil-teacher ratio does not describe each classroom.

Administrative school records. NEP stages must be retained: foundational, preparatory (classes III–V), middle (VI–VIII), secondary (IX–XII). School facility availability is not household coverage or a learning outcome. A national pupil-teacher ratio does not describe each classroom.

Sample survey of currently enrolled school students; includes anganwadis as pre-primary and presents private coaching separately from school spending. Not directly comparable to NSS 75th-round 2017–18 expenditure. Survey totals are only for rates/ratios, not definitive population counts. State estimates require sample-size/RSE consideration. Values below are national rural/urban estimates, not state estimates.

Sample survey of currently enrolled school students; includes anganwadis as pre-primary and presents private coaching separately from school spending. Not directly comparable to NSS 75th-round 2017–18 expenditure. Survey totals are only for rates/ratios, not definitive population counts. State estimates require sample-size/RSE consideration. Values below are national rural/urban estimates, not state estimates.

Sample survey of currently enrolled school students; includes anganwadis as pre-primary and presents private coaching separately from school spending. Not directly comparable to NSS 75th-round 2017–18 expenditure. Survey totals are only for rates/ratios, not definitive population counts. State estimates require sample-size/RSE consideration. Values below are national rural/urban estimates, not state estimates.

Sample survey of currently enrolled school students; includes anganwadis as pre-primary and presents private coaching separately from school spending. Not directly comparable to NSS 75th-round 2017–18 expenditure. Survey totals are only for rates/ratios, not definitive population counts. State estimates require sample-size/RSE consideration. Values below are national rural/urban estimates, not state estimates.

Sample-survey estimates. Participation means doing an activity on the reference day. Per-participant minutes exclude people who did not do the activity; per-person minutes include them. Employment-related participation is not the PLFS labour-force rate. Age groups 15–29 and 15–59 overlap and must not be added. Total per-person minutes can differ from 1440 from rounding. Activity classification and treatment of simultaneous activities belong to the report; these records do not add participant durations to infer a daily budget.

Sample-survey estimates. Participation means doing an activity on the reference day. Per-participant minutes exclude people who did not do the activity; per-person minutes include them. Employment-related participation is not the PLFS labour-force rate. Age groups 15–29 and 15–59 overlap and must not be added. Total per-person minutes can differ from 1440 from rounding. Activity classification and treatment of simultaneous activities belong to the report; these records do not add participant durations to infer a daily budget.

Sample-survey estimates. Participation means doing an activity on the reference day. Per-participant minutes exclude people who did not do the activity; per-person minutes include them. Employment-related participation is not the PLFS labour-force rate. Age groups 15–29 and 15–59 overlap and must not be added. Total per-person minutes can differ from 1440 from rounding. Activity classification and treatment of simultaneous activities belong to the report; these records do not add participant durations to infer a daily budget.

Sample-survey estimates. Participation means doing an activity on the reference day. Per-participant minutes exclude people who did not do the activity; per-person minutes include them. Employment-related participation is not the PLFS labour-force rate. Age groups 15–29 and 15–59 overlap and must not be added. Total per-person minutes can differ from 1440 from rounding. Activity classification and treatment of simultaneous activities belong to the report; these records do not add participant durations to infer a daily budget.

Sample survey and self-reported illness; not clinical prevalence. Hospitalisation rate is instances per 100 persons, excluding childbirth, not necessarily distinct people. Expenses are out-of-pocket medical expenditure at survey-period prices, per case, not hospital prices or insurance premium. Private includes government-empanelled private facilities. Mean and median answer different questions and must stay separate. Survey coverage is persons, whereas NFHS household-health-cover indicators use a different denominator.

Sample survey and self-reported illness; not clinical prevalence. Hospitalisation rate is instances per 100 persons, excluding childbirth, not necessarily distinct people. Expenses are out-of-pocket medical expenditure at survey-period prices, per case, not hospital prices or insurance premium. Private includes government-empanelled private facilities. Mean and median answer different questions and must stay separate. Survey coverage is persons, whereas NFHS household-health-cover indicators use a different denominator.

Sample survey and self-reported illness; not clinical prevalence. Hospitalisation rate is instances per 100 persons, excluding childbirth, not necessarily distinct people. Expenses are out-of-pocket medical expenditure at survey-period prices, per case, not hospital prices or insurance premium. Private includes government-empanelled private facilities. Mean and median answer different questions and must stay separate. Survey coverage is persons, whereas NFHS household-health-cover indicators use a different denominator.

Sample survey and self-reported illness; not clinical prevalence. Hospitalisation rate is instances per 100 persons, excluding childbirth, not necessarily distinct people. Expenses are out-of-pocket medical expenditure at survey-period prices, per case, not hospital prices or insurance premium. Private includes government-empanelled private facilities. Mean and median answer different questions and must stay separate. Survey coverage is persons, whereas NFHS household-health-cover indicators use a different denominator.

A residence-history stock; not annual migration flow. PLFS sample was not specifically designed for migration.