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Sanitation, toilets and hygiene
Facility availability, sharing and service management answer different questions about living conditions.
Households: basic sanitation service, NFHS-5
2019–21. Households represented by NFHS-5, according to urban/rural residence.
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| Place or category | Value% of households |
|---|---|
| Urban India | 80.7% |
| Rural India | 63.6% |
| India | 69.3% |
Historical NFHS-5 survey estimates for 2019–21; do not label these as current 2026 asset access or substitute them into NFHS-6. Values in this series describe households. The separate deJurePopulationPercent field is the percentage of usual-resident people in such households and can differ. Pucca is the survey’s materials-based classification, not a certificate of legal tenure, structural safety, floor area or housing affordability. Clean cooking fuel includes electricity, LPG/natural gas and biogas. The reported fuel measure does not establish exclusive use, refill affordability or the absence of other fuels. Basic sanitation means use of an improved facility not shared with another household; it is not a measure of sewage treatment or safely managed sanitation. Possession of an asset does not count devices, establish device quality or usage, or prove a person can use it. Ownership of a house is the survey response, not a title-registry audit.
Original source table ↗ · Table 2.2, printed p.35 / PDF p.70
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Facility availability, sharing and service management answer different questions about living conditions.
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